Index, Table Of Contents, About Page

Gamma Ray SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Man Made Artificial Deadly Ionizing Gamma Radiation; Gamma Haze Multiple Melted Out Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Reactors, Skyshine Radiation In Hospitals, Gamma Ray Pulse Possible At Fukushima

Gamma Ray SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Man Made Artificial Deadly Ionizing Gamma Radiation; Gamma Haze Multiple Melted Out Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Reactors, Skyshine Radiation In Hospitals, Gamma Ray Pulse Possible At Fukushima

What is skyshine, brehmstrahalung, gamma haze or xray radiation that comes from ionizing radiation sources? The following article defines these terms, and then describes skyshine in various ways, including the negative health consequences. 

WHAT IS SKYSHINE? 


Wikipedia; "Schematic of skyshine effect (S: soúrce of radiation, SH: shielding, D: detector, red arrows: paths of ionizing particles (neutrons, photons), blue line: skyshine intensity on surface with maximum M)[1]

Schematic of skyshine effect (S: soúrce of radiation, SH: shielding, D: detector, red arrows: paths of ionizing particles (neutrons, photons), blue line: skyshine intensity on surface with maximum M)[1]

(Radiation) skyshine describes the ionizing radiation emitted by a nuclear technical or medical facility, reaching the facility's surroundings not directly, but indirectly through reflection and scattering at the atmosphere back to earth's surface. This effect can happen when the shielding barrier around the source of radiation is open at the top. In a wider sense, skyshine also describes radiation reflected off the ceiling inside a nuclear facility.[2][3][4]

The intensity of radiation measured at the surface immediately surrounding the facility increases with growing distance from the shielding barrier to reach a maximum and then fall again continuously with further increasing distance. Depending on the type of radiation the maximum is reached at different distances from the source of radiation. For example, x-rays emitted from linear accelerators reached maxima of 18 MeV at a distance of 13.6 m and 6 MeV at 4.6 m in studies.[2]

Schematic of AVR reactor originally without top shielding

Between 1967 and 1975 significant radiation damage of the surroundings was caused by radiation skyshine at and near the AVR reactor in Jülich, Germany, which, in its original BBC construction, lacked a top shielding barrier.[5][6][7]

In 2011, the skyshine effect reached media attention in the controversy around the radioactive waste repository Gorleben (de) after higher levels of radiation were measured outside the facility, despite it being shielded by a shielding wall.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyshine

The skyshine effect can and does also happen via neutron, beta and alpha ionizing radiation. 

GAMMA RADIATION CAN BE 'SEEN' BY DIGITAL CAMERAS AND GAMMA SPECIFIC GEIGER COUNTERS


Gamma radiation shows up as tiny flecks of colored lights on a digital camera, which can be seen. Gamma radiation is invisible and cannot be detected by any human senses. It is possible to get a deadly dose of gamma radiation via skyshine around the Fukushima radiation storage tanks in four hours and never even feel, smell, hear or see it. 


Scattered radiation of a primary gamma radiation source generated by aerial dispersion.
http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/s/skyshine.htm

AN EXAMPLE OF GAMMA RAY SKYSHINE IN A SIMPLE AT HOME EXPERIMENT WITH GEIGER COUNTER AND RADIOACTIVE SAMPLE


Skyshine & Bremsstrahlung with beta-radiation

SKYSHINE PRESENTATION


Skyshine presentation
https://www.aapm.org/meetings/07SS/documents/SKYSHINEANDADJACENTSTRUCTURES.pdf

LIST OF STUDIES RELATED TO SKYSHIINE



SKYSHINE AROUND FUKUSHIMA DAICHI NUCLEAR DISASTER SITE


New Images Reveal Nuclear Fuel Rack Exposed to Air from Fairewinds Energy Education on Vimeo.

Arnie Gunderson describes skyshine or gamma haze from spent fuel pool #4 in this short video
VIDEO: https://youtu.be/qjoUmeRRIMc

Radiation levels near some of the storage tanks holding contaminated water at the crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan have increased by a factor of 18, a spokesman for plant's operator said on Sunday. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) had originally said that radiation emitted by contaminated water leaking from storage tanks was around 100 millisieverts an hour. The new measurements, using better equipment, showed radiation levels of 1,800 millisieverts an hour - a level that could kill an exposed person in four hours."

Bottom line, wouldn't you agree that the gamma haze brehmsstrahlung is so strong around the tanks that no one can inspect them even ONE time and live to tell about it? How will any human being get close enough to inspect for small leaks or check valve operation on thousands of tanks, without getting a lethal dose of gamma radiation? This is more than likely the REAL reason why TEPCO stopped inspecting the tanks. It is a death sentence to walk about the tanks all day long, day after day. It would be very interesting to see what happened to the people who were assigned to inspect these tanks, before TEPCO cancelled that operation. 

Maybe this is also why there is nobody walking around outside anymore around the Fukushima site?


As of 2015, TEPCO is claiming to have processed all of the water in all of these tanks and made the water ok to dump into the ocean.. Where did all of that radiation end up, if they really did remove some of what was causing this intense gamma shine? Concentrating radiation that can kill a person in four hours to somewhere else, how radioactive would that concentrated stuff be and how lethal would it be to hang around with? What happens as this water is being processed? Who deals with the water processing equipment? What kind of protection do the workers get? 


GAMMA RAY SKYSHINE AT CHERNOBYL 


When living or working in areas with increased levels of radioactivity, one must remember the three basic principles of radiation protection; time, distance, and shielding. Visiting a site like Chernobyl really allows a person to put these principles to work, with very interesting results. For example, in the area of the site where Stanislav’s office is located, gamma shine from the Sarcophagus is the primary source of exposure. When standing directly in front of the window and facing the sarcophagus with my detector I measured 731 uR per hour, if I turned around so my detector was facing into the room and away from the sarcophagus I would measure 61 uR per hour, and on the opposite side of the room from the window I measured 37 uR per hour. This was a very good physical demonstration of gamma fields and the effects of distance and shielding from a known source of gamma shine.

GUNDERSON: THE ENTIRE FUKUSHIMA SITE HAS A GAMMA RADIATION HAZE OVER IT DUE TO TANK FARM


Gundersen: New development at Fukushima, “Essentially entire plant has a gamma ray haze over it… a haze of radioactive particles” — Tepco: It’s impossible to stop, using more shielding won’t help (AUDIO)

Gamma radiation goes a LONG ways. It is not limited to just the immediate few feet away from the tanks. Gamma radiation can travel for many miles and still be lethal. Gamma radiation can go through walls and cars. The radiation from these tanks bounces up into the air and then comes back down to the ground in a theoretical area that includes not just the plant, but many miles around it.


SKYSHINE PICTURES


Skyshine pictures

NO WAY TO SHIELD TANKS AT FUKUSHIMA; SKYSHINE IS INEVITABLE


Tepco Press Conference with summary translation by Fukushima Diary, Jan. 10, 2014: There is no way to shield Bremsstrahlung from contaminated water tanks, Tepco stated [...] shielded by water and the tank material, it turns into Bremsstrahlung. [...] it is technically impossible to shield each tank. Even if they put the shielding material inside of the tanks, it also causes Bremsstrahlung. [...]

"SkyShine is derived from a nuclear reaction, where outbound ionizing radiation comes from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, coming back reflected and scattered from the original gamma ray emitting source on the ground."
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyshine

SykeWar January 16, 2014  "zogerke: (correct me if I'm wrong) basically what's happening is radioactive material in the water stored in the tanks is emitting beta particles (electrons) and interacting with the tanks creating the phenomenon BREMSSTRAHLUNG; essentially xrays. So all the tank farms there are one big giant xray machine. There's so much xray emission that it's creating what appears as a haze."

SPENT FUEL POOLS EMIT INTENSE SKYSHINE WHEN INSULATING WATER COVER IS LOST


Because multiple spent fuel pools at Fukushima lost their insulating water covers, intense skyshine radiation was the result, because a regular building will not shield from this type of radiation. 


SKYSHINE FROM MEDICAL RADIATION TREATMENT ROOMS; EXPOSING PEOPLE NOT GETTING 'TREATMENT' TO DEADLY GAMMA RADIATION

Radiation scattered by the atmosphere near medical accelerators may create a radiological health hazard. 

Radiation skyshine from a 6 MeV medical accelerator
www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/download/3032/1906


SKYSHINE RADIATION RESULTING FROM
6 MV AND 10 MV PHOTON BEAMS FROM A MEDICAL ACCELERATOR 
https://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/erhs/Health%20Physics/D_Elder_Thesis.pdf

Shaker1 January 18, 2014 "The mechanism of generation is certainly interesting. The basic information I find is from an artifically induced force, controlled application of energy to the target material sometimes in conjunction with 'filter' materials to be able to choose the energy spectrums of emission. Seems here there is an uncontrolled source of energy, especially in the form of beta emission from Sr90.

Shaker1 January 18, 2014 "Bremsstrahlung radiation produced by a β-particle is a two edged sword, first because it is not especially useful for therapeutic purposes because of its low ionization potential; secondly, bremsstrahlung produced by a beta electron is more harmful to the technologist than the beta particle that produces it, because of the penetrability of an electromagnetic ray. For beta particles the amount of bremsstrahlung increases as the density (high Z number) of the material through which it passes increases."

What is truly interesting to me is the last sentence. I've worked with tantalum for medical equipment where the parts were used as 'masks' and collimeters. I would guess that this was for x-rays that were already filtered. Also from that citation:

"It is for this reason that shielding is an important consideration when using beta emitters. Plastic or Lucite are effective shielding materials for a beta emitter since these materials have a low Z number and therefore produce less bremsstrahlung than lead shielding."

Weeman, there is a graphic in the link that I provided. Here's another that also has a graphic. It's information is in regard to x-ray tubes. That may also be of some use. I believe that site, in explaining the filter material mentioned, also gives a good explanation of the energy sprectra expected from materials, though not specifically steel, just materials used in x-ray production.

The reason that I mentioned tantalum is that is just next to tungsten, a common target material in generation of the x-rays, in the periodic table. One has to remember, too, that we're talking about beta particles (electrons), not neutrons, and that gamma are photons."


WHAT IS A SAFE DISTANCE FROM FUKUSHIMA RADIATION PRODUCED GAMMA RAYS AND SKYSHINE? 


Via aoter "The whole idea of "safe distance" is useless in a situation like this. Instead, there are going to be areas that are safe, areas that are hazardous, and areas that are flat out toxic. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chernobyl_radiation_map_1996.svg

And it's going to be more or less random, depending on what comes out when, and which way the wind is blowing at the time. As you can see from the map of the Chernobyl region, there are places that are twenty miles away that are relatively safe, and places 150 miles away that are as hot as Pripyat. It's all random.
In other words, gamma radiation coming from hot particles can be dangerous just about anywhere, all the way down to Tokyo Japan, or in large areas of Russia, or in a large area around TMI, just to name a few examples. Going to visit a nuclear bomb test site can involve risk, for the same reason. It only takes one hot particle to cause cancer, after a latency period where the hot particle initiates the cancer of course.

Distance Of Skyshine From Operating Nuclear Reactor Turbine Building Study
http://www.esi.nagoya-u.ac.jp/h/isets07/Contents/Session08/1254Nemezawa.pdf

EXTREME CATASTROPHIC GAMMA RAY PULSE IS POSSIBLE DUE TO TANKS GATHERED IN ONE SPOT, MAY AFFECT 50% OF GLOBE

Via Paulie777 January 17, 2014 "The problem with the water tanks is the system, which is an array, and one big haze is that it is dispersing in the tanks at one rate, and the gamma rays are removed at a different rate. These gamma rays are not generic, they have a wide range of energies. In contrast to a nuclear reaction where neutrons go into a system, this is energies leaving the system. This is not an adiabatic system, counterintuitively, this system is increasing in power and there is no way to get feedback on this from any iterative numeric results as this system is too slow to register quantitatively. I cannot predict what is going to happen, but it may be bad, really bad. Perhaps an instantaneous powerful pulse of energy that travels halfway around the globe. This gamma ray field already extends farther out than one may think, much farther. This is an effect of the poor formality of the way they are handling this across the board, poor rigorous methods, and poor staffing. (The homeless)? This is the biggest problem there."

Paulie777 January 18, 2014  "Yes, the bremsstrahlung radiation is being emitted from the water tanks and this is a terrible thing in itself, but with the array of circular metal tanks viewed as a whole system, something sinister is happening in that there is a slight increase in energy as a whole happening within these seemingly innocuous array of canisters. Theoretically this stored energy could go supercritical (not in a nuclear reactor sense but a nuclear sense) and it would take on stray particle or even a neutron to set of an array wide release of energy in an extremely high order of magnitude all within a .00001 to .00000001 second, a high energy gamma pulse. No one would even know until the people of Japan and perhaps even China and vicinity all develop sunburns but these are very bad to deadly sunburns. Then the system in a steady state would slowly start the process all over again. Most of the research on nuclear disasters focus on the first minute or two of the disaster, but this needs to be looked at as well.

Paulie777 January 19, 2014 "Terrestrial gamma rays are caused by a relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA's) and that is what is happening here. There is only one thing that causes natural bremsstrahlung and that is lightning. Similarly processes are occurring in this water tank array and eventually will send off a major pulse. You may think water tanks are innocuous but that is how they gathered the plutonium together in the early days albeit by help of whirlpools. And a seemingly random contents arrayed in configuration can be set off given a strong feedback event.

Gamma Ray Flash 

What TEPCO and the nuclear experts are planning is to dump all of the water in the tanks into the ocean. That would solve this problem, but cause another much larger one. The IAEA has suggested this ocean dumping of nuclear waste and said it is a good idea. Secretly, this is probably already happening, as the number of tanks has not increased beyond the initial 1,000 or so, and we are now down the road 4 years. There should be 4,000 tanks now, not just the 1,000 that were built and filled in the first year.

As the number of tanks increases, the risk increases. The number of tanks on site already presents the potential risk of creating a super gamma pulse that may affect up to 50% of the globe, through the skyshine effect. 

Scientists should be studying this, and reporting on it. But like anything else around the nuclear industry, this subject is taboo, not talked about, and it is not discussed in the media. For more about the reasons why, click on the following link; 

Art And Science Of Deception; Global Corporations And The 1%, Whistleblowers, And Solutions
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/corporations-art-and-science-of.html

LINKS TO NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS FROM BETA AND GAMMA RADIATION

Children And Adults - Negative Effects Of Chronic, Cumulative Man Made Radiation Exposure
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/low-dose-radiation-dangers-for-children.html

Negative Effects Of Internal Radiation Exposure, Risk Models, Hormesis, Radiophobia, Radiation Monitoring Networks
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/effects-of-internal-low-level-nuclear.html

93 Long Life Radioactive Elements/Isotopes, A Problem For Billions Of Years; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/03/93-long-lived-nuclear-elements.html

1,946 Lethal Radioactive Man Made Isotopes Are Created By Nuclear Plants And Atomic Bombs; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2013/10/1946-lethal-radioactive-man-made.html

Alpha Particles, Beta Particles and Gamma Radiation Explained
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/08/alpha-particles-beta-particles-and.html

Beta Radiation Burns In Animals, Plants And Humans, From Medical Radiation, Nuclear Bombs, Nuclear Accidents, And More
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/08/beta-radiation-burns-in-animals-and.html


SUMMARY

The out of control emergency at Fukushima has only gotten worse with time since 3/11. The site is more toxic and radioactive now than it was back in 2011, largely due to the out of control corium fires from multiple reactors interacting with groundwater, and then flowing out into the ocean. Radiation levels have been rising steadily since 2011. Click on links below to find out more details...

End

Gamma Ray SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Man Made Artificial Deadly Ionizing Gamma Radiation; Gamma Haze Multiple Melted Out Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Reactors, Skyshine Radiation In Hospitals, Gamma Ray Pulse Possible At Fukushima
http://www.agreenroadjournal.com/2014/12/skyshine-brehmsstrahlung-gamma-haze.html